• Data Breaches: This is a top concern. Exposed data could include:

a. Beneficiary Information: Personal details of those they help, putting them at risk of identity theft or exploitation.

b. Donor Details: Financial information of supporters, leading to potential fraud.

c. Project Plans & Strategies: Sensitive information about an NGO's work, giving an advantage to competitors or malicious actors.

• Phishing Attacks: Deceptive emails or messages try to trick staff into revealing login credentials or downloading malware.

• Malware Attacks: Malicious software like viruses, ransomware, or spyware can infect devices, steal data, or cripple operations. Ransomware can encrypt data, making it inaccessible until a ransom is paid.

• Social Engineering Attacks: Hackers exploit human psychology to manipulate staff into compromising security. They might pose as legitimate contacts to gain access to systems.

• Unsecured Platforms: Using unreliable online platforms for communication or data storage can leave them vulnerable to breaches.

• Insider Threats: Disgruntled employees or volunteers with access to sensitive information could pose a threat if they misuse their access or leak data.

• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Overloading systems to make them unavailable to users, disrupting operations.

• Man-in-the-Middle Attacks: Interception and manipulation of communications between parties without their knowledge.

• Physical Theft: Theft of devices such as laptops, smartphones, or USB drives containing sensitive information.

• Unpatched Vulnerabilities: Exploitation of security weaknesses in outdated software or systems