Vulnerabilities are weaknesses in the password itself. Here are some common ones:

• Weak passwords: Passwords that are short, easy to guess (like birthdays or names) or use common phrases are vulnerable to attack.

• Reused passwords: If you use the same password for multiple accounts, a hacker who breaches one account can potentially access all of them.

• Default passwords: Some systems come with default passwords that should be changed by the user. Leaving the default password in place is a vulnerability.

• Unpatched Systems: Outdated software can have vulnerabilities that hackers exploit to steal passwords.

Threats are the ways attackers can steal passwords. Here are some common ones:

• Phishing attacks: Phishing emails or messages trick you into revealing your password on a fake website that looks real.

• Brute force attacks: Hackers use software to try millions of different password combinations until they guess the right one. This is more effective against weak passwords.

• Dictionary attacks: Similar to brute force, but attackers try using common words and phrases found in dictionaries.

• Credential stuffing: Hackers use leaked passwords from one data breach to try logging into other accounts.

• Use strong, unique passwords for every account.

• Make your passwords long (at least 12 characters) and include a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.

• Consider using a password manager to help you create and store strong passwords.

• Be wary of phishing attacks and never enter your password on a website unless you're sure it's legitimate.

• Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) whenever possible. This adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second verification step, like a code from your phone, to log in.