Vulnerabilities are weaknesses in passwords themselves that make them easier to crack. Here are some common password vulnerabilities:

• Weak Passwords: Passwords that are short, simple, or use easily guessable information like birthdays or pet names are easy to crack.

• Password Reuse: Using the same password for multiple accounts means if one account is compromised, all your other accounts could be at risk.

• Poor Password Storage: Storing passwords unencrypted on your computer or writing them down is risky.

• Unpatched Systems: Outdated software can have vulnerabilities that hackers exploit to steal passwords.

Threats are actions or events that try to take advantage of password weaknesses. Here are some common password threats:

• Phishing Attacks: Phishing emails or messages trick you into revealing your password on a fake website that looks legitimate.

• Brute Force Attacks: Hackers use software to try millions of different password combinations until they guess yours.

• Credential Stuffing: Hackers use leaked usernames and passwords from one service to try logging into other services where you might be using the same credentials.

• Social engineering: Attackers trick you into giving them your password, or access to your computer where they can steal it with malware.

• Dictionary attacks: Similar to brute-force, but attackers try using common words and phrases found in dictionaries.