Vulnerabilities are weaknesses in the password itself. Here are some common ones:

• Weak passwords: Passwords that are short, easy to guess (like birthdays or names) or use common phrases are vulnerable to attack.

• Reused passwords: If you use the same password for multiple accounts, a hacker who breaches one account can potentially access all of them.

• Default passwords: Some systems come with default passwords that should be changed by the user. Leaving the default password in place is a vulnerability.

• Unpatched Systems: Outdated software can have vulnerabilities that hackers exploit to steal passwords.

Threats are the ways attackers can steal passwords. Here are some common ones:

• Phishing attacks: Phishing emails or messages trick you into revealing your password on a fake website that looks real.

• Brute force attacks: Hackers use software to try millions of different password combinations until they guess the right one. This is more effective against weak passwords.

• Dictionary attacks: Similar to brute force, but attackers try using common words and phrases found in dictionaries.

• Credential stuffing: Hackers use leaked passwords from one data breach to try logging into other accounts.