What are Biometrics?

Biometrics are essentially unique physical or behavioural characteristics that can be used to identify a person. They're used in a variety of applications, from security systems to smartphones.

There are two main ways biometric data is used

  • Identification: This is where a system recognizes you from a large group of people. For example, facial recognition software used to unlock your phone identifies you from everyone else who might have access to your phone.
  • Verification: This confirms that you are who you say you are. For instance, using your fingerprint to log in to your bank account verifies that you are the authorized user.
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    • Fingerprints

    • Facial recognition

    • Iris scans

    • Retinal scans

    • Voice recognition

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    • Security systems

    • Computer logins

    • Smartphones

    • Border control

    Biometrics in password security is a different approach to verifying your identity compared to traditional passwords. Instead of relying on something you know (a password), biometrics uses something you are (like your fingerprint) or something you do (like your iris scan) to confirm it's you.

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    • How it works: Biometric systems use scanners to capture your unique physical traits (fingerprint, retina, face) or behavioural characteristics (voice, typing pattern). This information is then stored and compared against the stored data when you try to access something.

    • Advantages: Biometrics can be more secure than passwords because they're harder to steal or forge. They also offer convenience as you don't need to remember complex passwords.

    • Not a replacement: While beneficial, biometrics aren't foolproof. Some systems can be tricked, and stolen biometric data can be a bigger issue than a stolen password.

    Biometrics are often used alongside passwords for a stronger security system called two-factor authentication. This adds an extra layer of security by requiring both "something you know" (password) and "something you are" (fingerprint) to grant access.