The modus operandi for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks typically involves several key steps that attackers follow to carry out the attack. The general outline of the process is as follows:

Target Selection:

Attackers choose their target based on various factors such as business prominence, perceived vulnerabilities, or ideological motivations. The target could be a specific website, online service, or even an entire network.

Botnet Creation:

Attackers assemble a botnet, which is a network of compromised computers or devices under their control. They typically infect these devices with malware, such as Trojans, worms, or viruses, to enlist them as part of the botnet. Common sources of compromised devices include vulnerable computers, servers, IoT devices, or even cloud-based resources.

Command and Control (C&C):

Attackers establish a command and control infrastructure to communicate with and control the compromised devices in the botnet. They may use encrypted channels, peer-to-peer networks, or other covert communication methods to issue commands and receive updates from the botnet.

Preparatory Phase:

Attackers analyze the target system or network to identify vulnerabilities and potential attack vectors. They may conduct reconnaissance to gather information about the target's infrastructure, IP addresses, network topology, or potential weaknesses.